Research Finds Medieval And Contemporary Ashkenazi Jews Are Genetically Virtually Identical
Unique genetic research shows that the Ashkenazi Jewish community has been a virtually closed group since the 14th century. The international and interdisciplinary Genetic Legacies project examined DNA from the teeth of dozens of medieval and contemporary members of the community from the German city of Erfurt. The conclusion: in the past six hundred years there have been hardly any changes in the gene pool.
Ashkenazi Jews
Genetic Legacies, a project that involved the collaboration of Professor of Ancient History Leonard Rutgers, debunks an earlier hypothesis which suggests that Ashkenazi Jews from medieval Europe were descendants of the Khazars from Central Asia. It shows that this important cultural-religious group within Judaism descended from Jewish communities from the Mediterranean region, possibly southern Italy.
Moreover, the 33 medieval Ashkenazi Jews whose DNA was examined appear to be so closely related to the current community that they may be counted among their direct ancestors. A third of the population was found to be the descendants of a single ancestral mother.
A different view on Jewish history
Because the DNA of the Ashkenazi Jewish community of Medieval Erfurt turned out to be very homogenous and matches that of their present-day descendants, the replacement being no higher than 2 to 4 percent, researchers conclude that within the community, endogamy was the rule and that few people in medieval Europe converted to Judaism.
Building on earlier work, researchers calculated that the European Ashkenazi Jewish community must have been small for much of the medieval period. The project presents calculations that suggest they consisted of no more than one or two thousand individuals.
The results of this study shed new light on Jewish history as a whole. The research indicated that the societal integration of the medieval Ashkenazi Jews was very different from what we see at an earlier point in time. During the time of the Roman Empire, Jewish diaspora communities could already be found all over Europe, yet Jews were integrated into Roman society in ways that were different from the ways Jewish communities were marginalised later.