Scientists Discover New Ways To Prevent Vision Loss

UVA Health scientists have discovered a contributor to harmful blood vessel growth in the eye, creating the possibility of new treatments for blinding macular degeneration and other common causes of vision loss.

UVA’s Dr. Jayakrishna Ambati and Shao-bin Wang and colleagues have identified a new target to prevent the formation of abnormal tangles of blood vessels. The tangles are associated with eye conditions such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and ischemic retinal vein occlusion.

Scientists have known that abnormal vessel overgrowth in the eye is fueled by excessive amounts of a substance called “vascular endothelial growth factor-A,” or VEGF, which plays an important role in blood vessel formation.

Treatments now available that target VEGF to prevent overgrowth often provide dramatic benefits at first, but can fade with time. That leaves doctors in need of better treatments to help preserve eyesight.

Ambati and Wang’s discovery identifies a key protein that determines VEGF levels. Blocking this protein in lab mice reduced VEGF levels significantly in a specific way. The scientists observed no toxic effects on the retina, the light-sensing portion of the eye where the vessel overgrowth occurs.

“This fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) protein was previously shown to be correlated with obesity in humans. Unexpectedly, we found it also plays important roles in regulating ocular neovascularization through an epigenetic mechanism,” Ambati said. “This exciting discovery finally answers a longstanding question about how ocular immune cells, such as macrophages, contribute to abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina. This question was first investigated by our team 20 years ago, and we’re thrilled to have found an answer.”

In addition to identifying a promising target for future treatments for vision loss, the discovery sheds important light on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the blood vessel overgrowth that robs millions of people of their sight.

Neurovascular age-related macular degeneration alone affects more than 200 million people worldwide. While much more research and testing will be needed before the new finding could be translated into a treatment, the UVA scientists are excited about the potential of the discovery.

“Current strategies for treating ocular neovascular disorders, which primarily focus on regulating the protein levels of VEGF, are not perfect. Therefore, it is imperative to identify more targetable candidates to develop alternative therapies,” Wang said. “We are hopeful that our study will pave the way for the development of new treatments, ultimately reducing the burden of neovascular-related illnesses.”

The researchers have published their findings in the scientific journal Signal Transduction & Targeted Therapy. The research team consisted of Shao-bin Wang, Yosuke Nagasaka, Dionne Argyle, Ayami Nagasaka, Praveen Yerramothu, Bradley D. Gelfand and Ambati. Ambati is a co-founder of DiceRx, iVeena Holdings, iVeena Delivery Systems and Inflammasome Therapeutics and has done consulting work unrelated to the research. A full list of the authors’ disclosures is included in the paper.