University of Southampton: Southampton joins national study of long-term impacts of debilitating lung damage from COVID-19
The University of Southampton will be part of a new national study to investigate the long-term effects of lung inflammation and scarring from COVID-19. The study, launched with £2 million of funding from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), aims to develop treatment strategies and prevent disability.
Many people recovering from COVID-19 suffer from long-term symptoms of lung damage, including breathlessness, coughing, fatigue and limited ability to exercise.
COVID-19 can lead to inflammation in the lungs due to the infection and the immune system’s reaction to it. The inflammation may improve over time, but in some people it persists.
In severe cases, the lungs may become scarred. The scarring causes stiffness in the lungs, which can make it difficult to breathe and get oxygen to the bloodstream, resulting in long-term breathlessness and difficulty managing daily tasks.
This inflammation and scarring of the lungs is called ‘interstitial lung disease’.
Now, this study, called the UK Interstitial Lung Disease Long-COVID19 (UKILD-Long COVID) study, will investigate whether post-COVID-19 lung damage will improve or worsen over time, how long it will last, and the best strategies for developing treatments.
Early evidence indicates that lung damage occurs in approximately 20% of patients discharged from hospital, but the effects on people who experience long-Covid in the community are currently unclear.
Southampton is one of 15 research centres involved in this study, led by Imperial College London, which will include patients already in COVID-19 studies, such as the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study.
Dr Mark Jones, Associate Professor in Respiratory Medicine at the University of Southampton, who will lead the local centre said: “The long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection upon the lungs are not understood. We will be working with clinicians and researchers around the UK to better understand what any long-term changes in the lungs are, and why in some individuals the changes are more severe or even progress over time. The ultimate aim is to develop new treatment approaches to prevent or halt ongoing lung damage.”
Professor Gisli Jenkins, at Imperial College London, who is leading the study, said: “This is an ambitious study that will help us understand how common and severe the long-term pulmonary consequences of COVID-19 are, and will help us develop new treatment approaches for people suffering from long-term lung inflammation as a result of COVID-19.”
“Breathlessness is a big problem for many people with long-COVID, particularly on exertion. For people with more severe lung scarring, this can be a devastating disease. We don’t yet know how frequent and how long-term the consequences will be. Even if the long-term outcomes are no worse than for people with similar lung damage from flu, the sheer numbers of people who have had COVID-19 are so huge.”
Science Minister Amanda Solloway said: “It is thanks to the pioneering work of our brilliant scientists and researchers that we now know so much more about COVID-19 than we did just one year ago – including the lasting effects it can have on patients.
“Bringing together some of the UK’s finest researchers, this new nationwide study will analyse the full impact of lung damage caused by the disease, helping to inform new treatments that could benefit patients across the world, as we build back better from the pandemic.”
Professor Fiona Watt, Executive Chair of the Medical Research Council, part of UKRI which funded the study, said: “This research is key to understanding how and why the virus causes some people to suffer long-term lung effects after COVID-19 infection. It will be an important tool in developing more effective treatments for patients.”
To understand the full spectrum of lung impacts, the study will include a range from patients, from those who have been hospitalised or placed on a ventilator to those in the community who had less severe COVID-19.
They hope to recruit approximately 250 people with symptoms suggestive of possible lung scarring, such as breathlessness or a persistent cough, to find out more about their long-term lung damage at three and 12 months after COVID-19 infection.
Cutting-edge xenon MRI scans will be performed in a subset of patients. These use a safe, inert gas which is inhaled, so the scan can measure the effectiveness of gas exchange inside the lungs.
The scientists will also obtain samples of cells from the lungs of 50 people to look at how the lung cells have changed in response to the injury. This will include single cell sequencing – genetic analyses of immune and lung cells, to detect changes in gene expression (which genes are switched on an off).
To understand why some patients get severe lung disease following COVID-19, and others don’t, they will link together the clinical findings with the studies of the patients’ genes and markers in the blood.
The study will initially follow-up patients over 12 months, then follow longer-term outcomes through patient records.
The researchers aim to use their findings to develop treatment strategies to prevent the development of severe scarring and disability following COVID-19.